An investigation of volcanic gases and dust (aerosols) in the stratosphere

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Work minimization accounts for footfall phasing in slow quadrupedal gaits

Quadrupeds, like most bipeds, tend to walk with an even left/right footfall timing. However, the phasing between hind and forelimbs shows considerable variation. Here, we account for this variation by modeling and explaining the influence of hind-fore limb phasing on mechanical work requirements. These mechanics account for the different strategies used by: (1) slow animals (a group including crocodile, tortoise, hippopotamus and some babies); (2) normal medium to large mammals; and (3) (with an appropriate minus sign) sloths undertaking suspended locomotion across a range of speeds. While the unusual hind-fore phasing of primates does not match global work minimizing predictions, it does approach an only slightly more costly local minimum. Phases predicted to be particularly costly have not been reported in nature

Internationalizing The Business Curriculum: A South Korean Case Study

Accrediting agencies for Colleges and Schools of Business such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB) and the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) require that business programs incorporate both an international dimension and an active learning component in developing their business curriculum.  One avenue business schools can use to accomplish both of these goals is to provide abbreviated study abroad programs for students and faculty.  Rather than spending an entire semester abroad (which many smaller schools cannot afford to do financially), one approach is to take 10 – 15 students and spend 7 – 10 days in a country.  This paper presents one case study using this approach - An 8 day Study Abroad Trip to South Korea - and discusses the following areas:  logistics, pre-trip preparation, trip activities, and post-trip activities.  While this case study focuses on South Korea, it provides a model for international study abroad that helps business schools meet accreditation standards and internationalize their curriculum

Sediment transport and erosion in the Fourchon area of Lafourche parish

NASA aerial photography in the form of color infrared and color positive transparencies is used as an aid in evaluating the rate and effect of erosion and sediment transport in Bay Champagne Louisiana

Jet noise source distribution for coplanar nozzles: experiments and predictions

In this paper we study the mechanism of jet noise production in coaxial flows. We shall present various experimental results for isothermal and heated coplanar jet flows of four area ratios (0.81, 2, 3, and 4), operating at different velocity ratios, ranging from 0.60 up to 1.26. A polar array technique has been used to find the axial distribution of the jet sources. In order to better under- stand the behavior of the experimental results, some computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed, and a basic theoretical model based on Lighthill’s Acoustic Analogy is also developed. It is shown that some significant changes occur to the flow structure and therefore the jet noise source distribution at velocity ratio of about 0.8, and also for the nozzles with area ratio of 2 to 4. It has also been shown that the most important high and low frequency sources for low velocity ratio flows are aggregated in a region about seven to ten secondary diameters downstream, while at higher velocity ratios sources are continuously spread from about one up to ten secondary diameters downstream. The effect of the primary flow temperature is also examined

Intercultural Human Resource Management: South Korea And The United States

The southern region of the United States has been recruiting South Korean firms to locate their manufacturing operations there.  Alabama and Georgia have been successful in recruiting Hyundai and Kia to build automotive manufacturing plants, and in attracting first and second-tier suppliers as well, providing an estimated 4,000 jobs to the area.  The mix of foreign and domestic employees and diverse human resource practices presents both opportunities and challenges.  As indicated by Hofstede (1991), management practices and values differ from country to country due to each nation’s unique culture and traditions.  Hofstede (1991, 2001) provides a framework for examining the cultural differences between South Korea and the United States.   Additionally, Hargittay and Kleiner (2005) posit that the cultural norms in Korea have been heavily influenced by Confucianism, while in the United States people have been influenced by the Protestant work ethic.  These cultural differences impact the following organizational behavior and human resource management issues: leadership styles, organizational structure, organizational communication, recruitment and hiring practices, job security, and performance appraisal

Comparative Effectiveness of Elementary School Achievement In English Speaking Countries

The general problem of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness or general progress of instruction of school children in English speaking countries of the world as compared with the progress in certain Kansas schools. Teachers and headmasters in the foreign countries were careful to mention the fact that many processes of learning are different in their country than it is in the United States. Such spelling words as program (programme), center (centre), and labor (labour) could not be used, and problems dealing in dollars and cents were not used

Marketing Tourism In The Galapagos Islands: Ecotourism Or Greenwashing?

Tourism accounts for approximately 7.5% - 15% of the world’s total employment and is the world’s most important service industry.  In heavily frequented tourist destinations such as the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, the importance is even higher.  International travel is projected to double by 2020 with over 1.5 billion people traveling throughout the world.  Within the tourism industry, ecotourism is the fastest growing sector, growing from 10 to 30 percent a year.  While exact definitions of ecotourism vary, ecotourism is defined by the International Tourism Society (TIES) as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people.”  A subset of sustainable tourism, ecotourism has a natural area focus, which benefits the environment and communities visited, fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and awareness.  Because there is no universally adopted certification program for ecotourism, tourism operators may market their operations as “ecotourism” while in reality they are “greenwashing.”  Greenwashers are dishonest tourism operators who embrace ecotourism as a new selling angle.  To greenwash is to promote ecotourism while effectively doing the opposite.  The Galapagos Islands is a popular destination for ecotourism. Beginning in the late 1960’s, the Galapagos tourism industry started with about 1,000 tourists per year and has boomed to 148,000 tourists in 2006.  This has caused several problems:  growing human population, introduction of alien and invasive species, and unwanted by-products from tourism.  As a result, in 2007, the Galapagos Islands were placed on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in Danger.  Because of the unique biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands, and the increase in tourism and its negative consequences, the Galapagos Islands presents an excellent example for a case study in marketing of ecotourism.  Using the criteria established by the Mohonk Agreement for responsible ecotourism, this paper examines the websites of ecotourism operators in the Galapagos Islands to determine the extent to which they are “ecotours” or “greenwashed tours.”   The implications for conservation of the islands and responsible marketing are discussed

British Cave Research Association field guide to the Bath Stone quarries, Box, Wiltshire

The venue for the 2016 British Cave Research Association Cave Science Symposium Field Trip is the underground ‘Bath Stone’ quarries around Box, near Corsham, Wiltshire (Figure 1). The aim of the field trip is to examine the cambering and gulling, gull caves and karstic features observed in the quarries. The underground quarries at Box lie at the southern end of the Cotswold Hills, on the southern side of the By Brook valley, a tributary if the River Avon. This valley has incised though the Great Oolite Group, a sequence of Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) limestones and mudstones. The underground quarries are developed within the Chalfield Oolite Formation. This is an excellent building stone, as it can be sawn by hand in any direction as a ‘freestone’ which then hardens on exposure to air, rather than having a distinct cleavage like slate